Sensors are designed to detect various events or changes in quantities. Most sensors are designed to generate an optical output signal or an electrical signal after detecting a specific type of input. There are many different sensors available to match specific functions and applications.
The following are the three main types of sensors:
Temperature Sensor
One of the most common types of sensors is the one used to measure temperature. Thermostats are definitely used in homes to detect and control the temperature of ovens, air conditioners, refrigerators, and heating systems. Industrial sensors are standard in data centers and laboratories. There are many types of temperature sensors, but most are passive elements such as thermistors, RTDs, and thermocouples. Thermocouples are the most cost-effective option. They are simple to use and do not depend on excitation signals.
Pressure sensors are widely used in manufacturing and industrial systems. Sensors are used to control and measure fluid, gas or air pressure. Most are built using quartz or piezoelectric sensors. They are used to detect many different types of pressure, such as gauge pressure (atmospheric conditions), differential pressure (pressure between two points) or absolute pressure (similar to a vacuum).
Although pressure sensors are primarily used in industrial systems, they are also used in the design of various consumer products, such as car seats and mattresses.
Capacitive
The popularity of capacitive sensing has increased significantly in recent years with the development of touchscreen devices such as smartphones and tablets. However, it has previously been used to detect material properties, humidity and liquid levels. This type of sensor is made using multiple layers and connected to a circuit board. The sensor is able to detect the position or movement of the finger on the screen. It can only detect skin-related capacitance, not nails.
When controlling capacitive sensing, the finger does not directly touch the sensing unit. A big benefit of this is the low risk of mechanical wear after regular use. Any movement on the screen is sensed by the IC. This information is digitized and passed to a microcontroller that allows the smartphone to perform specific actions.
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